ELIMINAREA PCB DIN ROMANIA

Autor/autori: Dr. chim. Adriana Mariana BORS, Chim. Carmen MUNTEANU, Ing. Lucian Augustin LASLO, Geogr. Cristian Andrei IOSIF, Ing. Ana-Maria NICOLESCU

Rezumat: PCB reprezinta un poluant organic persistent care pericliteaza sanatatea umana si mediul inconjurator. Cu toate ca productia de echipamente cu continut de PCB a fost interzisa, incepand cu anii 1970, in anumite tari, in prezent inca se gaseste in uz o cantitate semnificativa continand acest poluant. Problematica inventarierii si decontaminarii surselor care contin PCB face obiectul mai multor politici de mediu, subiect dezbatut in cadrul Conventiei de la Stockholm. In cadrul studiilor legate de eliminarea PCB din Romania s-a dezvoltat o baza de date pentru inventarierea surselor de poluare. Aceasta baza de date a fost creata in scopul colectarii, stocarii si prelucrarii informatiilor legate de inventarul si eliminarea echipamentelor cu continut de PCB la nivel national (transformatoare si condensatoare). Completarea si actualizarea bazei de date se face prin intermediul unui formular care permite introducerea, modificarea si vizualizarea informatiilor privind operatorii economici care detin echipamente cu continut de PCB, localizarea echipamentelor si caracteristicile tehnice ale acestora. Metodele de eliminare a PCB se bazeaza pe implementarea unei tehnologii inovative de decontaminare a aparatelor electrice si a uleiurilor minerale contaminate cu PCB, cat si recuperarea materialelor reciclabile solide si lichide. Metoda consta in controlul analitic al calitatii uleiului, verificarea caracteristicilor critice, receptia si stocarea uleiului, tratamentul de regenerare, controlul calitatii uleiului regenerat, stocarea temporara a uleiului regenerat si reutilizarea in productie.

Cuvinte cheie: bifenili policlorurati, poluanti organici persistenti, inventariere, decontaminare.

Abstract: PCB is a persistent organic pollutant that endangers human health and the environment. Although the production of equipments containing PCBs was banned since the 1970s, in some countries, is currently still in use a significant amount containing this pollutant. Issue of inventory and decontaminate sources containing PCB is subject to several environmental policies, subject discussed also in the Stockholm Convention. In the studies of the elimination of PCBs in Romania has developed a database for inventory of pollution sources. This database was created for the collection, storage and processing of information related to inventory and disposal of equipment containing PCBs at the national level (transformers and capacitors). Completion and updating of the database is done through a form which allows entry, modification and viewing of information on traders holding PCB containing equipment, locating equipment and their technical characteristics. PCB disposal methods are based on the implementation of an innovative technology for the decontamination of electrical equipment and mineral oils contaminated with PCB and solid and liquid recovery of recyclable materials. The method consists in analytical quality control of the oil, verification of critical characteristics, reception and storage of oil, the regeneration treatment, regenerated oil quality control, temporary storage and reuse of regenerated oil in production.

Keywords: polychlorinated byphenils, persistent organic pollutants, inventory, decontamination

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